Marini postulated that the Latin American bourgeoisie recreates underdevelopment by compensating for its unfavourable position internationally through super-exploitation. He did not identify the payment of labour power below its value with absolute surplus value or with increasing poverty.
But this sub-remuneration contradicts the logic of the labour market, which determines the low wages of the industrialized periphery. Companies profit from the existence of disparities in wages that are greater than differences in productivity. The unevenness of development is highly conditioned by transfers of surplus value to the advanced economies.
Dependency theory does not require a concept of super-exploitation that was omitted by Marx. There are higher rates of surplus value in the center, but greater restriction of consumption and labour stress in the periphery.
In a portrayal of generalized job insecurity, national differences in salaries between the formal, informal and impoverished exploited are reordered. The extension of the concept of super-exploitation to the metropolis and the disregard of neoliberal globalization both stand in the way of updating the theory of dependency

Na Argentina começa a revelar-se em toda a sua dimensão o acordo com o FMI. Em vez das patacoadas que o governo Macri e a sua imprensa tentaram vender sobre «o novo perfil benigno do Fundo», é a brutalidade do empobrecimento, da recessão, da dependência. Mas a própria barbaridade de tal acordo cria novas dificuldades no campo governamental, e a resposta de massas tem sido notável.

La crisis ya devoró a tres estrellas del “mejor equipo de los últimos 50 años”. Stuzzeneger fue sepultado por la corrida cambiaria y no es muy relevante si no supo pulsear con el mercado. Quedó simplemente desbordado por el desplome del modelo. Lo mismo ocurrió con las figuras emblemáticas del tarifazo (Aranguren) y la apertura comercial (Cabrera). Estos personajes combinaron el repudio de la población con enemistades de negocios en su propio círculo. Los chivos expiatorios se multiplican sin detener el acelerado deterioro de Macri.

In the middle of his term, Argentinian president [Mauricio] Macri cannot hide the monumental abyss between his promises and reality. The promise was of an influx of dollars to lower inflation, with high growth, job creation, an entrepreneurial boom and eradication of social assistance. A drastic reduction of the fiscal deficit and a flow of money for public works through the ending of corruption was also predicted. It was also proclaimed that the “return to the world” would be rewarded with huge productive financing and an expansion of exports.

Si sapeva da sempre che Macri governava per i ricchi e che il suo modello economico avrebbe portato a una grande crisi. La prima affermazione è stata corroborata dalla ridistribuzione regressiva delle entrate perpetrata negli ultimi due anni.
La seconda ha iniziato a essere verificata con le montagne russe su cui ha viaggiato il tasso di cambio dell’ultima settimana.